What is Aortic Dissection?
Aortic dissection happens when a tear forms in the aorta’s inner layer, the primary artery that transports oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.
This tear permits blood to flow between the layers of the aortic wall, forcing them apart (dissection).
If untreated, it can block blood flow to vital organs or lead to a complete rupture, which is life-threatening.
What are the Types and Symptoms?
Aortic dissection is categorized into two primary types:
- Type A: Occurs in the ascending aorta, closer to the heart, and is more common and life-threatening.
- Type B: Begins in the descending aorta, farther from the heart, and may not require immediate surgery unless complications arise.
Symptoms include
- Sudden, sharp chest or back pain (often described as “tearing” or “ripping”)
- Shortness of breath
- Fainting
- Dizziness
- Signs of stroke, such as weakness or trouble speaking.
What Causes Aortic Dissection?
Aortic dissection is often the result of a weakened aortic wall, which can be caused by:
- Long-term high blood pressure.
- Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup).
- Genetic conditions like Marfan or Ehlers-Danlos syndromes.
- Traumatic injuries.
- Other risk factors include smoking, being assigned male at birth, and age (40-70 years).
How is it Diagnosed and Treated?
Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques like CT scans, MRIs, or echocardiograms to determine the dissection’s location and severity.
Treatment varies based on type and severity:
- Type A: Requires urgent open-heart surgery to replace the damaged aortic segment with a synthetic graft.
- Type B: Managed with blood pressure-lowering medications and, if needed, minimally invasive stent-graft repair.
- Post-treatment, ongoing follow-up with imaging is crucial to monitor the condition of your aorta.
Can Aortic Dissection Be Prevented?
Although genetic predisposition and certain risk factors cannot be altered, you can lower your risk by:
- Managing blood pressure and cholesterol.
- Avoiding tobacco products.
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Wearing a seatbelt to protect your chest in accidents.
If you have a family history of aortic dissection, consult a healthcare provider for screening and early intervention.
Take Action Today
Aortic dissection is a critical medical emergency that demands urgent care Understanding your risk and seeking timely care can save your life. Talk to your doctor about your heart health, especially if you have risk factors or a family history of aortic conditions.
Stay informed and heart-healthy—schedule your checkup today!
