What is Hypertension?
Hypertension, also called high blood pressure, happens when the force of blood against your artery walls stays high over time. In the United States, nearly half of adults have high blood pressure, according to the CDC. Although many people do not feel any symptoms, uncontrolled hypertension can cause serious health problems. Because of this, it is important to know about hypertension complications and the risks of high blood pressure.
Why is Blood Pressure Control Important?
Controlling your blood pressure helps protect your heart, brain, and other organs. If you do not manage high blood pressure, it can damage your blood vessels. As a result, you may face long-term effects of hypertension. For example, you could develop heart disease or kidney problems. Therefore, keeping your blood pressure in a healthy range is key for good health.
Major Complications of Uncontrolled Hypertension
Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to many serious problems. Below are some of the most common complications.
Heart Disease and Heart Attack
First, high blood pressure makes your heart work harder. Over time, this can cause your heart muscle to thicken or weaken. As a result, you may develop heart disease. In addition, blocked arteries can lead to a heart attack. According to the American Heart Association, heart disease is the leading cause of death linked to hypertension.
Stroke
Next, uncontrolled hypertension can damage blood vessels in your brain. Because of this, you have a higher risk of stroke. A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain stops. This can cause lasting brain damage or even death. The CDC notes that high blood pressure is a top risk factor for stroke.
Kidney Damage
High blood pressure can also harm your kidneys. Over time, it may cause kidney disease or even kidney failure. When your kidneys do not work well, waste builds up in your body. For this reason, people with uncontrolled hypertension often need regular kidney checks.
Vision Loss
In some cases, high blood pressure can damage the tiny blood vessels in your eyes. This may lead to vision problems or even blindness. Early treatment can help prevent vision loss, so regular eye exams are important.
Peripheral Artery Disease
Uncontrolled hypertension can also affect blood flow to your arms and legs. This is called peripheral artery disease. As a result, you may feel pain, numbness, or weakness in your limbs. In severe cases, it can lead to infections or tissue death.
Other Potential Complications
Memory problems or trouble thinking clearlyAneurysm (a bulge in a blood vessel that can burst)Sexual dysfunctionWeakened bones (osteoporosis)
Because these risks are serious, it is important to manage your blood pressure well.
How to Prevent Complications
Fortunately, you can lower your risk of hypertension complications. Here are some helpful steps:Take your blood pressure medicine as prescribedEat a healthy, low-salt dietStay active with regular exerciseMaintain a healthy weightLimit alcohol and avoid smokingCheck your blood pressure oftenSee your doctor for regular check-ups
Even small changes can make a big difference over time. For example, walking daily or eating more fruits and vegetables can help.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you have high blood pressure, watch for warning signs. Seek help right away if you notice:Severe headacheChest pain or shortness of breathSudden vision changesWeakness or numbness in your arms or legsConfusion or trouble speaking
These could be signs of a serious problem, such as a heart attack or stroke. Early treatment can save your life.
In summary, uncontrolled hypertension can cause many health problems. However, you can take steps to protect yourself. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice on managing hypertension.
