A heart murmur is a sound made by blood moving through the heart. In adults, a heart murmur can signal a harmless condition or a more serious heart problem. Because heart murmurs in adults may point to underlying issues, it is important to understand their risks and care. This guide explains what a heart murmur is, common symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention tips. If you wonder, “Is a heart murmur dangerous?” or need to know about heart murmur symptoms and treatment, read on for clear answers.
What Is a Heart Murmur?
First, a heart murmur is an extra or unusual sound heard during a heartbeat. Doctors use a stethoscope to listen for these sounds. Usually, the heart makes two sounds as valves open and close. However, a murmur adds a whooshing or swishing noise. Sometimes, heart murmurs are harmless. These are called “innocent” murmurs. But in some cases, a heart murmur in adults can mean a heart valve problem or other heart disease. According to the American Heart Association, not all murmurs are dangerous, but some need medical care.
Common Symptoms of Heart Murmurs in Adults
Many adults with a heart murmur have no symptoms. Still, some signs may suggest a more serious issue. If you notice any of these symptoms, you should talk to your doctor:Shortness of breath, especially during activityChest pain or tightnessFeeling faint or dizzySwelling in the legs or feetFatigue or weaknessRapid or irregular heartbeatBlue tint to lips or skin (rare in adults)
Because these symptoms can be caused by other conditions, it is important to get checked.
Causes and Risk Factors
Heart murmurs in adults can have many causes. Some are harmless, while others are linked to heart problems. Common causes include:Heart valve disease (such as stenosis or regurgitation)High blood pressureFever or infection (like endocarditis)Heart defects present from birthThyroid problemsAnemia (low red blood cell count)
Several factors can raise your risk for a heart murmur:Older ageFamily history of heart diseaseHigh blood pressureHistory of rheumatic feverAutoimmune diseasesPrevious heart surgery
While some risk factors cannot be changed, others can be managed with healthy habits.
How Heart Murmurs Are Diagnosed
Doctors use several steps to diagnose a heart murmur in adults. First, they listen to your heart with a stethoscope. Next, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. If a murmur sounds unusual or you have symptoms, further tests may be needed. These can include:Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check heart rhythmEchocardiogram (heart ultrasound) to see heart structureChest X-ray to look at heart sizeBlood tests to check for anemia or infection
Because early diagnosis helps prevent complications, it is important to follow your doctor’s advice.
Treatment Options for Heart Murmurs
Treatment for a heart murmur depends on the cause. If the murmur is innocent, no treatment is needed. However, if the murmur is due to heart valve disease or another problem, your doctor may suggest:Medications to control blood pressure or heart rhythmAntibiotics if an infection is presentSurgery to repair or replace a heart valveLifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise
Because each case is different, your doctor will choose the best heart murmur treatment for you.
Lifestyle Tips and Prevention
While you cannot prevent all heart murmurs, healthy habits can lower your risk. Try these tips:Eat a balanced diet low in salt and fatExercise regularly, as advised by your doctorMaintain a healthy weightControl blood pressure and cholesterolAvoid smoking and limit alcoholManage stress with relaxation techniquesSee your doctor for regular check-ups
Because prevention is better than cure, these steps can help protect your heart.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or swelling, see a doctor right away. Also, if you have a known heart murmur and develop new symptoms, get checked. Early care can prevent serious problems. According to the CDC, regular heart check-ups are important for adults, especially those with risk factors.
In summary, heart murmurs in adults can be harmless or signal a heart problem. Because only a doctor can tell the difference, do not ignore symptoms. Consult a cardiologist for personalized advice about heart murmurs.
