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What Is Pericarditis? Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

What Is Pericarditis?

Pericarditis is a condition where the thin sac around your heart, called the pericardium, becomes inflamed. This sac helps protect your heart and keeps it in place. When it gets swollen, you may feel chest pain or discomfort. Pericarditis is a type of heart inflammation. It can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in adults. Although most cases are mild, some can be serious and need quick care. According to the CDC, pericarditis is not as common as other heart problems, but it is important to recognize its signs early.

Causes of Pericarditis

There are many causes of pericarditis. Sometimes, doctors cannot find a clear reason. However, the most common causes include:

  • Viral infections, such as the flu or common cold
  • Bacterial infections, though these are less common
  • Heart attack or recent heart surgery
  • Autoimmune diseases, like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis
  • Chest injury or trauma
  • Cancer that spreads to the heart area
  • Certain medications that may cause side effects

    • In addition, kidney failure and some other medical conditions can lead to pericarditis. Because the causes of pericarditis vary, your doctor will ask about your health history and recent illnesses.

    Symptoms of Pericarditis

    Pericarditis symptoms can appear suddenly or develop over time. The most common sign is sharp chest pain. This pain often gets worse when you lie down or take a deep breath. However, it may feel better when you sit up or lean forward. Other symptoms of pericarditis include:

  • Shortness of breath, especially when lying down
  • Low-grade fever
  • Weakness or feeling tired
  • Heart palpitations (feeling like your heart is racing)
  • Swelling in your legs or belly (in rare cases)

    • Because these symptoms can look like other heart problems, it is important to get checked by a doctor if you notice them.

    How Is Pericarditis Diagnosed?

    Doctors use several steps to make a pericarditis diagnosis. First, they will ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they will listen to your heart with a stethoscope. Sometimes, a special sound called a “pericardial rub” can be heard. To confirm pericarditis, your doctor may order tests such as:

  • Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check your heart’s rhythm
  • Chest X-ray to look for changes in your heart size
  • Blood tests to find signs of infection or inflammation
  • Echocardiogram (heart ultrasound) to see fluid around the heart
  • CT or MRI scans for a detailed heart image

    • Because pericarditis can look like other heart issues, these tests help your doctor make a clear diagnosis. Early diagnosis is important for proper treatment.

    When to See a Doctor

    If you have chest pain that does not go away, seek medical help right away. Even though pericarditis is often mild, chest pain can also be a sign of a heart attack. You should also see a doctor if you have:

  • Severe or lasting chest pain
  • Trouble breathing
  • Fever with chest pain
  • Swelling in your legs or belly

    • Early care can help prevent problems. If you live in a city with a heart center, look for pericarditis treatment in your area for quick support.

    Conclusion and Next Steps

    Pericarditis is a type of heart inflammation that can cause chest pain and other symptoms. While many cases are mild, some need fast treatment. Because the causes of pericarditis are varied, only a doctor can confirm the diagnosis. If you notice symptoms or have concerns, do not wait. Consult a cardiologist for personalized advice if you suspect pericarditis. Early care can make a big difference in your recovery.