Unstable Angina: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

What is Unstable Angina?

Unstable angina is a serious heart condition. It happens when blood flow to the heart suddenly drops. This can cause chest pain, even when you are resting. Unlike stable angina, unstable angina is less predictable. Because it can signal a higher risk of heart attack, it needs quick medical attention. According to the American Heart Association, unstable angina is a warning sign that your heart health may be at risk.

Causes of Unstable Angina

There are several causes of unstable angina. Most often, it happens when a fatty deposit, called plaque, builds up in the arteries. Sometimes, the plaque cracks or bursts. As a result, a blood clot can form and block blood flow. Other causes may include:

Sudden narrowing of the heart arteries

Severe anemia (low red blood cell count)

Very high blood pressure

Extreme stress or physical activity

Because these causes can quickly lead to a heart attack, it is important to know your risk factors. Common risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and family history of heart disease.

Symptoms of Unstable Angina

Unstable angina symptoms can be different from person to person. However, some signs are more common. Watch for these symptoms:

Chest pain or pressure, often at rest

Pain spreading to the arms, neck, jaw, or back

Shortness of breath

Nausea or vomiting

Cold sweats

Feeling lightheaded or dizzy

Sometimes, the pain may last longer than usual. Or, it may not go away with rest or medicine. If you notice these signs, seek help right away.

How is Unstable Angina Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tests for diagnosing unstable angina. First, they will ask about your symptoms and health history. Next, they may perform a physical exam. Common tests include:

Electrocardiogram (ECG) to check heart rhythm

Blood tests to look for heart damage

Chest X-ray to rule out other problems

Stress tests to see how your heart works during activity

Coronary angiography to view blood flow in the arteries

Because early diagnosis can save lives, do not delay if you have symptoms. The CDC and WHO both stress the importance of quick action for heart health.

When to Seek Medical Help

Unstable angina is a medical emergency. If you have chest pain that is new, severe, or does not go away, call emergency services right away. Also, if your pain gets worse or happens at rest, do not wait. Quick treatment can prevent a heart attack and save your life.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While you cannot change some risk factors, you can take steps to protect your heart. For better heart health, try these tips:

Eat a heart-healthy diet with fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Exercise regularly, as advised by your doctor

Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke

Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Take medicines as prescribed

Because small changes can make a big difference, start with one healthy habit at a time.

Conclusion and Next Steps

Unstable angina is a warning sign that your heart needs attention. Early action can prevent serious problems. If you notice symptoms or have risk factors, talk to your doctor. For personalized advice on unstable angina, consult a cardiologist. Your heart health matters every day.